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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A ramp for wheelchairs is a vital tool for helping a loved one to live independently in their home. If they are not designed correctly they can be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require landings to must be level with any change in direction, so as to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide an area that is grippy for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design has to meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs effortlessly navigate the structure. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio, and the landings have to be level at any change in direction or shift on the ramp surface. It also must be constructed out of treated lumber which is more durable and withstands rain better than untreated lumber.

The sides and top of the ramp need to be free of obstacles such as trees, bushes or other structures that may hinder the safe movement of the ramp's user. In addition, the ramp's surface must be hard and non-slip. Some municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface on the ramp's entire length.

For the ramp frame choose treated lumber that is at least 4 inches wide. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend below the level of the ground. The posts must then be connected to the ramp's railings using spindles. This type of connection is preferred because it minimizes the risk of the ramp operator falling off the side of the ramp.

Next, build the frame for the ramp using joists that are at least 16 inches long and beams that measure 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they are secured with joist hangers, which are nails that hold the inside of the joists to stop them from sliding off the ground. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.

Install an upper landing close to the doorway, allowing wheelchair occupants to manage the doorswing with ease. The landing should be enough to give at least 12 to 24 inches of "elbow space" on the handle side for out-swing doors. The landing for doors that are in-swinging must be 58 by 60 in order to accommodate the threshold of the door as well as a wheelchair user who has to reverse through the doorway.

Install a level landing when you change the direction of the ramp, to avoid wheelchairs from having to hit their brakes at corners. A level landing makes it simpler to remove a ramp of the way when needed, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can pass beneath it.

Materials


Aluminium, concrete, or wood can be used to construct a wheelchair ramp . A professional ramp installation company can help you decide which is best for your home or business. When choosing the material for the ramp, it is important to consider your budget and specific needs. The ramp should be simple to maintain and safe to use. Certain cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.

Make sure to inquire with your local government for permits before you begin building or purchasing any materials. Also, be certain to follow the local building codes. Using the incorrect materials or methods of construction can lead to dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find up-to-date construction regulations in your local building department of the government library, or on the internet.

Wood ramps can be the least expensive option for ADA ramp materials. However, they require more maintenance. Wood ramps should be maintained regularly using a sealer in order to stop decay. Wood can split, which can be especially hazardous for people in wheelchairs. Wood ramps might require additional support to keep the structure standing and steady.

Concrete ramps are expensive however they are durable and long-lasting. They are also heavy, which demands more labor to install and can make moving the ramp after it's no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are strong enough to withstand the weight of power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps weigh less than steel or concrete however they possess the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also more affordable than steel or iron, which makes them an excellent choice for those on a limited budget. Aluminum is also eco-friendly as it is naturally present in the earth's crust and can be recycled.

The ramp's upper landing should be level, or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door, allowing wheelchairs with smaller wheels to go over the ramp without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this will not meet ADA standards. It is also important to make sure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the upper landing and the ground. The final section of the ramp must have a beveled transitions to avoid the abrupt stop of wheelchairs as they enter or exit an apartment.

Installation

A wheelchair ramp is an inclined plane that is erected in addition to or instead of steps. It allows wheelchair users and those who use strollers or carts to get into areas that are otherwise difficult to access.

When selecting a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous factors to consider, such as the location, height and price. The ramp should be placed closest to the door to avoid unnecessary journeys. It should also be positioned at an elevation that is easy to navigate by the person who is using it. It should also be properly anchored to the ground and clear of obstructions, like trees or parked cars.

ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails on either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have the gripping surface smooth or rounded. Additionally, they should be attached to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the ramp edge. Handrails must be continuous when a ramp is designed with switchbacks or in an L-shaped layout.

The length of a ramp is contingent on the slope, however there are a few standard ramps that are suitable for most situations. A threshold ramp, for example, sits flush against the lip of the curb or the threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are however are able to be moved to another location and are available in different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be built on-site. These are usually used for public or commercial areas and are typically longer than the threshold and portable ramps.

Contact your city's construction department to determine the need for a permit for an enduring ramp. It is recommended to consult a mobility expert to determine which kind ramp will be the most suitable for your requirements and the space that you have. In some cases the installation of a permanent ramp can even increase the resale value of your home.

Maintenance

It is important to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition particularly if it is going to be used frequently. You'll need to conduct regular inspections and repair any structural problems as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp meets all ADA requirements, and is safe for users.

Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is required to get rid of dirt and other debris that can block access. Keeping the ramp clean will also stop moisture from accumulating under the surface and creating the onset of rot. Preservatives and stains for wood will only work when the ramp has been thoroughly cleaned before application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps due to the fact that they are more prone to wear and tear. The most important thing to do is make sure you have the proper tools for the job. To make sure that all fixings are secure and secure you'll need a good set of screwdrivers as well as gauge spanners. It's also worth regularly inspecting the handrails to ensure that they are in good shape and are free of damage or corrosion. Over time, and with repeated usage, it's possible for the bolts or fittings on the handrails to come loose. This can pose an unsafe situation for anyone who is using the ramp.

Another important factor is ensuring the surface of the ramp has enough grip, especially during winter when conditions may be a challenge. You will need to sweep off any leaves, dirt or other debris that might block and cause slippage. Additionally, you'll need to apply an ice melt that is not corrosive to the ramp's surface before winter arrives to avoid slips and injury.

Think about buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if plan to use it throughout the winter. These are specifically designed to offer better tracking on uneven surfaces and snow which is why they'll be more effective than standard wheelchair tires in keeping you on the ramp. Alternatively, you can place heating pads or tape along the ramp surface to help melt snow and ice before it accumulates.